Copper toxicity - Wikipedia. Copper toxicity, also called copperiedus, refers to the consequences of an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus can occur from eating acid foods cooked in uncoated copper cookware, or from exposure to excess copper in drinking water or other environmental sources. Representation in ICD- 9- CM, ICD- 1. CM and SNOMED- CT. Some poisonings, e. Copper toxicity, also called copperiedus, refers to the consequences of an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus can occur from eating acid foods cooked in. Hrm 593 week 3 homework glitchings ntc 360 team b service request sr rm 017 paper fanfiction hcis 410 week 4 dq 2 year old bus 591 week 4 assignment program hcs 341. Substance Use Disorders Features. The essential feature of a substance use disorder is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that. By Mary Ellen Posthauer RDN, CD, LD, FAND. Function/Recommended Dietary Allowance: Zinc is an essential trace mineral for DNA synthesis, cell division, collagen. K92.9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of K92.9. Commonly Used ICD-10 Codes Medical Necessity Effective October 1, 2015, appropriate ICD-10 code(s) are required with each requisition. Note: This is a partial listing. Free copper normally reduces oxidative stress, as it is involved in the metabolic elimination of reactive oxygen species, such as with the superoxideradical through Cu- Zn dependent superoxide dismutase. There is a lot of research going on regarding the function of the Cu/Zn ratio in many conditions, neurological, endocrinological and psychological. When they are used to bind copper in the plasma, to prevent it from being absorbed in the tissues, their own function may go unfulfilled. Such symptoms often include mood swings, irritability, depression, fatigue, excitation, difficulty focusing, feeling out of control, etc. To further complicate diagnosis, some symptoms of excess copper are similar to those of a copper deficit. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) in drinking water is 1. The US EPA lists copper as a micronutrient and a toxin. Two studies in mice have shown no increased incidence of cancer. One of these used regular injections of copper compounds, including cupric oxide. One study of two strains of mice fed copper compounds found a varying increased incidence of reticulum cell sarcoma in males of one strain, but not the other (there was a slightly increased incidence in females of both strains). These results have not been repeated. Vinegar is not recommended to be given, as it assists in solubilizing insoluble copper salts. The inflammatory symptoms are to be treated on general principles, as are the nervous ones. Otherwise, copper cookware is lined with a non- reactive metal to prevent contact between acidic foods and the structural copper element of the cookware. Excepting for acute or chronic conditions, exposure to copper in cooking is generally considered harmless. Continuous, small (. Methods of jamming and preserving specify sugar as chemically necessary to the preserving (antibacterial) action, which has the additional effect of mediating (buffering) the interaction of fruit acid with copper. These standards are recorded in the Code of Federal Regulations 2. CFR 1. 91. 0. 1. 34 and 1. Estrogen increases the absorption of copper, making women more likely to carry excess copper even when no birth control is used. The amount of estrogen (or copper) contained in these modern forms of contraception are generally considered safe, and the former restrictions for estrogen use (not to be used by women older than 4. There are conditions in which an individual's copper metabolism is compromised to such an extent that birth control may cause an issue with copper accumulation. They include toxicity or just increased copper from other sources, as well as the increased copper level of the individual's mother via the placenta before birth. At least when existing imbalances have been treated. Pathophysiology. This catalyzes the production of very reactive radical ions, such as hydroxyl radical in a manner similar to Fenton chemistry. This increase in unmediated reactive radicals is generally termed oxidative stress, and is an active area of research in a variety of diseases where copper may play an important but more subtle role than in acute toxicity. Some of the effects of aging may be associated with excess copper. The Merck Manual states recent studies suggest that a genetic defect is associated with this particular cirrhosis. This disease, if untreated, can lead to brain and liver damage, and bis- choline tetrathiomolybdate is under investigation as a therapy against Wilson's disease. Alzheimer's disease. It also interferes with the sense of smell in fish, thus preventing them from choosing good mates or finding their way to mating areas. In 2. 01. 1, Washington state became the first U. S. EPA pursuing research. RETRO Date of Service: Clinical Check all applicable CPT® code(s) (REQUIRED): CT ABD : 74150 74160 74170 CT PELVIS: 72192 72193. Pertaining to an area between the ribs intercostal Inflammation of the skin Dermatitis Blood type considered as the. The exact mechanism of action is unknown, but common to other heavy metals. Viruses are less susceptible to this effect than bacteria. Associated applications include the use of brass doorknobs in hospitals, which have been found to self- disinfect after eight hours, and mineral sanitizers, in which copper can act as an algicide. Overuse of copper sulfate as an algicide has been speculated to have caused a copper poisoning epidemic on Great Palm Island in 1. Suppl): 6. 21. S–6. S. PMID 7. 87. 97. E., & Florence, T. Determination of the chemical forms of dissolved cadmium, lead and copper in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 4(4), 3. Van Den Berg, C. Organic and inorganic speciation of copper in the Irish Sea. Marine Chemistry, 1. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 1. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 1. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 1. Analytical Research Labs. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 1. Nutrition and Mental Illness. Rochester, Vt.: Healing Arts Press. Klassen, Ph. D., Mc. Graw- Hill, New York. New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services,ARD- EHP- 9 2. Available Online at: http: //des. Physiological Reviews. Retrieved 2. 0 December 2. American Society for Clinical Nutrition 2. Retrieved 2. 0 December 2. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2. Retrieved 2. 0 December 2. Taylor & Francis 2. Retrieved 2. 0 December 2. Wednesday, January 1. Rules and Regulations. US EPA Region 5 (2. Retrieved 1. 7 June 2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 1. 7 June 2. Taylor and Francis Group. Retrieved 1. 7 June 2. Pesticides: Theory and application. New York: W. H. Department of Labor, Copper, Available Online at: https: //www. SLTC/metalsheavy/copper. EPA results for copper and cancer. Accessed March 1. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. Elsevier, Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1. Retrieved 2. 0 December 2. Thorne Research Inc. Retrieved 2. 0 December 2. Larousse Gastronomique. New York: Crown. Retrieved 2. Cornell University. Retrieved 2. 00. 8- 0. The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Retrieved 2. 01. 5- 1. Journal of neuroendocrinology 2. PMID 1. 82. 66. 94. Radiation Research Society. JSTOR 3. 57. 92. 72. PMID 8. 61. 90. 19. PMID 1. 72. 59. 34. November 2. 00. 5. Retrieved 2. 00. 8- 0. Clin Neurophysiol. PMID 2. 00. 71. 22. PMID 2. 01. 50. 59. Chembiochem. 1. 0 (1. PMID 1. 98. 77. 00. PMID 1. 93. 32. 10. PMID 1. 57. 20. 00. Flemming; J. Trevors (1. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. ISSN 0. 89. 2- 7. PMC 3. 91. 91. 78 . PMID 2. 41. 99. 99. Retrieved 2. 01. 6- 0. Retrieved 2. 01. 6- 0. PMID 1. 53. 77. 25.
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How To Lose Weight In Just 7 Days. The GM Diet Plan: How To Lose Weight In Just 7 Daysglendon. May 3. 0, 2. 01. 7“I’m trying to lose a few pounds”. Your colleagues, family members, or best friends have uttered these words with great anxiety, concerned about their bulging waistline. Everyone is always in search of that one magical diet that will get them fast results.
But out of the thousands of diets available out there, how do you know what really works and what doesn’t? And do any of them promise results in just seven days? A- Z Of The GM Diet. What Is The GM Diet? The General Motors diet has been around since 1. It was originally developed by General Motors, along with the Food and Drug Administration and the United States Department of Agriculture, for its employees. It was designed to increase workforce productivity by making the workers healthier. Results of the diet were impressive – a loss of 1. The workers experienced increased efficiency, confidence, and higher energy. The diet was deemed a great success. Probably the biggest reason millions of people swear by the GM diet is because it’s easy to follow. There are no complicated ingredients or great demands on a person’s routine. For this reason, we recommend GM diet for you. Let’s see how this diet works to burn the stored fat. Back To TOCHow Does The GM Diet Plan Work? The plan focuses on limiting your weekly diet to eating fruits, vegetables, brown rice, and chicken. The diet focuses on consuming a combination of complex carbohydrates, low- calorie vegetables, and fruits, and increasing water intake to help achieve a weight loss of up to 1. Below is a day- to- day guide for anyone who wants to follow the GM diet. Caution: Always consult a doctor before starting on a diet regimen. Back To TOCThe GM Diet Plan. GM Diet Plan Day 1. You Will Need. A variety of fruit – apples, oranges, watermelon, kiwi, and papaya are some of your best options. What You Have To Do. The first day of the diet allows you to eat as many fruits as you like. There are no restrictions on when you can eat. Watermelons and cantaloupes are the recommended fruits as they are high in fiber. Other healthy choices include papaya, apples, and oranges. You must also consume 8 to 1. Does Cayenne Pepper Help Accelerate Weight Loss? Putting the words cayenne pepper and weight loss together is not something most would have done, I. Hi All, This is a 07 days Full Meal Plan to help you. At no point is it advised to starve. If you feel hungry, you can grab some fruits and satisfy your craving. A Schedule You Could Follow. Breakfast. 8 am – 9 am)A regular sized apple with a glass of water. Brunch(1. 1 am – 1. Half a bowl of sliced cantaloupe with a glass of water. Lunch (1: 3. 0 pm – 2 pm)A serving of sliced watermelon and two glasses of water. Post Lunch Snack(4 pm – 5 pm)A whole orange and a glass of water. Evening Snack (6: 3. An apple and a glass of water. Every woman loses pregnancy weight at a different rate. By six months, much of what you gained will.Dinner(8 pm – 9 pm)Sliced cantaloupe and a guava with two glasses of water. Why This Works. Fiber- rich fruits keep you full for longer (1). They are also low in fat. In addition, the high amount of water intake will flush out the toxins and prepare your body for the next six days of dieting. There are some foods that may hinder your weight loss. Here is a list of foods that you should avoid. Foods To Avoid. Vegetables – Avoid eating any veggies on this day. Fruits – Banana. Protein – Avoid eating any protein source such as meat, eggs, fish, beans, lentils, and mushrooms. Fats & Oils – Lard, butter, margarine, and safflower oil. Carbs – Avoid all carb rich foods, including brown rice. Dairy – Full fat milk, full fat yogurt, frozen yogurt, ice cream, and cheese. Beverages – Alcohol, soda, sweetened drinks, milkshakes, vegetable juices or smoothies, and packaged fruit juices. Are you allergic or don’t like the taste of certain foods listed in the diet plan? Don’t worry, we have a food substitutes list ready for you. Substitutes. Apple – Orange. Cantaloupe – Cucumber. Watermelon – Honeydew melon or cucumber. Orange – Grapefruit or peach. Guava – Green apple. Useful Tip: It is advisable to eat some apples and drink a couple of glasses of water for breakfast. Melons are also a good choice; you can lose up to three pounds by the end of day 1. Eating good and less will help you to a certain extent. To activate the lipid mobilization, you have to exercise. Here is a list of basic exercises that you can start with. Exercises. Since you will be on only fruits and water, do not perform rigorous exercises. You may do these exercises early in the morning or in the evening after office or school. Here is your customized exercise plan for Day 1. Arm circles – 1 set of 1. Wrist circles – 1 set of 1. Neck rotation – 1 set of 1. Ankle rotation – 1 set of 1. Leg rotation – 1 set of 1. Waist rotation – 1 set of 1. Spot Jogging – 5- 1. Yoga asanas (stretching)Warning- Please avoid doing any of the exercises listed above if you have any injury. Please consult your trainer or doctor. How You Will Feel By The End Of Day 1. Day 1 will be comparatively easy since the monotony of eating fruits and veggies has not crept in yet. If you stick to the diet plan and exercise routine, you will feel active, energetic, and great about yourself by the end of Day 1. Ready for Day 2? Back To TOCGM Diet Plan Day 2. You Will Need. An assortment of vegetables. Some of the healthiest options would be carrots, beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, and cabbage. What You Have To Do. You have to follow a vegetable- only meal plan on the second day. You can cook the vegetables to make them palatable, or consume them raw. Care should be taken while preparing the vegetables as oil is not allowed. So, forget deep frying your favorite potatoes or eating chips. You can have the vegetables whenever you feel hungry. Flavorings like olive oil or butter can be used sparingly, only if absolutely required. A Schedule You Could Follow. Breakfast. 8 am – 9 am)A boiled potato. You can also add a teaspoon of low- fat butter for flavor. Brunch(1. 1 am – 1. Cabbage and lettuce salad with a light dressing and a glass of water. Lunch (1: 3. 0 pm – 2 pm)A mixed vegetable salad with cucumbers, onions, and carrots and two glasses of water. Post Lunch Snack(4 pm – 5 pm)A cup of boiled broccoli, half a cup of sliced bell pepper, and two glasses of water. Evening Snack (6: 3. Some boiled cauliflower with a light dressing and a glass of water. Dinner(8 pm – 9 pm)A salad comprising boiled carrots, broccoli, and green beans, and two glasses of water. Why This Works. Vegetables have all the nutrients you need to sustain your body. Potatoes have carbohydrates, peas have protein, and carrots and beans are full of fiber and essential vitamins (2). After the relatively low carb day, this will replenish your carb stores and will energize you for the next day of the diet. It’s all good as long as you avoid the following listed foods. Foods To Avoid. Fruits – Avoid all fruits on this day. Protein – Avoid eating any protein source such as meat, eggs, fish, beans, lentils, and mushrooms. Fats & Oils – Lard, butter, margarine, and safflower oil. Carbs – Avoid all carb- rich foods, including brown rice. Dairy – Full fat milk, full fat yogurt, frozen yogurt, ice cream, and cheese. Beverages – Alcohol, soda, sweetened drinks, fresh fruit juices or smoothies, and packaged fruit juices. Bored of eating the same veggies? Take a look at the substitute list to break the monotony. Substitutes. Potato – Sweet potato or carrots. Butter – Margarine or sour cream. Cabbage – Bok choy or celery. Lettuce – Leek. Cucumber – Carrots. Onion – Shallots. Carrot – Beetroot. Broccoli – Cauliflower. Bell Pepper – Zucchini. Cauliflower – Green beans. Useful Tip: Eating baked potatoes will help you go through this hard phase! You can also switch to cabbage soup or tomato soup and have it for lunch or dinner. As long as you stay active, you will keep many obesity- related diseases and heart diseases at bay. Check out the exercise regimen for Day 2. Exercises. A similar exercise routine as Day 1, but a slightly strenuous workout plan to help mobilize the fat. You may do these exercises early in the morning or in the evening after office or school. Surya Namaskar (click here to see the steps to perform Surya Namaskar). Kapalbhati – 5. 0- 1. Baddhakonasana or cobbler pose – 2 sets of 2. Adho Mukha Shvanasana or downward facing dog pose – 2- 3 minutes. Rope jumping – 2 sets of 5. Arms circles – 1 set of 1. Wrist rotation – 1 set of 1. Shoulder rotation – 1 set of 1. Neck rotation – 1 set of 1. Face exercises. Warning – Avoid doing certain yoga asanas or pranayamas if you have an injury. Please consult your doctor or trainer to know the best yoga asanas for you. How You Will Feel By The End Of Day 2. You may start to feel weak from late afternoon on Day 2. Do not worry, this is normal with most low- calorie diet plans. Your body will not get the usual amounts of carbs and hence will react by making you feel slow and weak. Let’s move on to Day 3 and see what’s in store! Back To TOCGM Diet Plan Day 3. You Will Need. A combination of fruits and vegetables. You could stick to the fruits and vegetables consumed during the first two days. The only foods to avoid are potatoes and bananas. What You Have To Do. On the third day, your body would have almost adjusted to the new diet. After a day of eating just vegetables, fruits will bring a welcome break. It will also combine the benefits of both fruits and vegetables, and provide you with high fiber, nutrient, and protein. Here is the diet plan that you will follow on Day 3 of the GM diet plan. A Schedule You Could Follow. Breakfast. 8 am – 9 am)Half a bowl of cantaloupe or a sliced apple and two glasses of water. Brunch(1. 1 am – 1. Half a sliced pineapple or a pear and two glasses of water. Lunch (1: 3. 0 pm – 2 pm)A salad of cucumber, carrots, and lettuce with two glasses of water. Post Lunch Snack(4 pm – 5 pm)An orange with half a sliced cantaloupe and a glass of water. Evening Snack (6: 3. A pear and a glass of water. Dinner(8 pm – 9 pm)Boiled broccoli and beets with two glasses of water. Why This Works. The combination of fruits and vegetables on the third day allows your body to replenish itself. High Fiber Food Chart, Fiber Rich Foods, Foods High in Fiber, High Fiber Foods. Fiber Rich Foods, Foods High in Fiber, High Fiber Food Chart. If you are looking to increase your fiber intake to lose weight and eat a healthy diet, the chart of high fiber foods below will easily help you to double your intake of fiber rich foods without increasing your calorie intake. When eaten, fiber passes almost unchanged though our stomach and intestines. Fiber plays the main role in keeping our digestive system healthy. The other fiber benefits include weight loss, lowering of cholesterol and a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes. Per 1. 00 grams (3. Click the picture icon below to navigate to the required section of the table. Foods With Fiber. Calories, kcal. Fiber, grams. Apples: raw, with skinraw, without skincooked, without skinapplesauce. Apricot: rawdriedcanned, juice pack, with skin. Avocado, raw. 16. Banana: rawdehydratedbanana chips or banana powder. Blackberries: rawfrozen, unsweetenedcanned, heavy syrup. Blueberries: rawfrozen, unsweetenedcanned, light syrup. Cantaloupe melon, raw. Casaba melon,raw. Cherries sweet, raw. Cranberries: rawdried, sweetened. Dates: medjool, pitteddeglet noor, pitted. Figs: rawdriedcanned, light syrup pack. Grapefruit: rawsections, canned, juice pack. Grapes, red or green, raw: 6. Guava, raw. 68. 5. Honeydew melon, raw. Kiwi: Kiwi, gold, raw. Kiwi, green, raw. Mango, raw. 60. 1. Nectarine, raw. 44. Olives: green, pickled, canned or bottledripe, canned (jumbo- super colossal)ripe, canned (small- extra large)1. Papaya, raw. 43. 1. Passion fruit, raw. Peaches: raw, with skinfrozen, sliced, sweeteneddried, sulphuredcanned, light syrup pack. Pear: rawasian, rawdried, sulphuredcanned, light syrup pack. Persimmon: Japanese, raw. Japanese, dried. 70. Pineapple: rawfrozen, chunks, sweetenedcanned, light syrup pack. Pomegranate, raw. Plum: rawcanned, light syrup packdried plums or prunes, pitted. Raisins: golden seedlessseededseedless. Raspberries: rawfrozen, red, sweetenedcanned, red, heavy syrup pack. Strawberries: rawfrozen, unsweetenedcanned, heavy syrup pack. Starfruit or Carambola,raw. Tomatoes: red, ripe, rawred, ripe, cookedcanned, packed in tomato juice. Watermelon, raw. 30. Foods With Fiber. Calories, kcal. Fiber, grams Artichoke, cooked boiled. Asparagus, cooked, boiled. Aubergine or Eggplant: cooked, boiledpickled. Beet greens: rawcooked, boiled. Beets or beetroot: rawcooked, boiledcannedpickled, canned. Broccoli: rawcooked, boiled. Brussels sprouts: rawcooked, boiled. Cabbage, common: rawcooked, boiled. Cabbage, red: rawcooked, boiled. Cabbage, savoy: rawcooked, boiled. Carrots: rawcooked, boiled. Cauliflower: rawcooked, boiled. Celery: rawcooked, boiled. Collard: rawcooked, boiled. Coriander leaves, raw. Corn (sweet): 9. 62. Cucumber: raw, with peelraw, peeledpickled cucumber, sour. Kale: rawcooked, boiled. Leek: rawcooked, boiled. Lettuce, raw: green leafred leafcos or romaineicebergbutterhead. Okra, cooked, boiled. Onion: rawcooked, boiledyoung green, tops only. Pak Choi or Chinese cabbage: rawcooked, boiled. Parsley, raw. 36. Parsnip, cooked, boiled. Peppers, sweet, green: rawsaut. Diabetes Diet. About Health. Castle. com. Health. Castle, founded in 1. Registered Dietitians. Information on this site is provided for informational purposes and is not meant to substitute for the advice provided by your own physician or dietitian. Information and statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute - may help prevent the development of high blood pressure. National Institute of Health and Health Canada. It is also the amount recommended by the Institute of Medicine that most people should try to achieve. An estimated 2. 8 per cent (5. It emphasizes whole grains, vegetables and fruits, low- fat dairy products, lean meats, and is low in saturated and trans fats. The number of servings you require may vary, depending on your caloric needs. If your blood pressure is not too high, you may be able to control it entirely by changing your eating habits, losing weight if you are overweight, getting regular physical activity, and cutting down on alcohol. The DASH eating plan also has other benefits, such as lowering LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, which, (along with lowering blood pressure), can reduce your risk for getting heart disease. In a study of 8. 10 participants, 1/3 were taught how to lower their sodium intake and follow the DASH eating plan on their own.
Diabetes Diet and Nutrition Guide. Learn diet and nutrition tips on healthy diabetes meal planning management for both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Diet. Here is a concise list of foods to avoid that are discussed in this chapter. You may want to memorize it or copy it, as it is worth learning. Sweets and Sweeteners. This eating plan reverses diabetes, wards off heart disease and cancer, and helps you lose weight without counting calories or cutting portions. Most of them needed to lose weight as well. They followed the DASH eating plan at lower calorie levels and they increased their physical activity. Over the course of 1. You can do an activity for 3. The important thing is to get a total of 3. Because the plan is high in fibre, it can cause bloating and diarrhea in some people. To avoid these problems, gradually increase your intake of fruit, vegetables, and whole grain foods. For example, drink milk with lunch or dinner, instead of soda, sugar- sweetened tea, or alcohol. Choose fat- free (skim) or low- fat (one per cent) milk and milk products to reduce your intake of saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol, and calories and to increase your calcium. Have only three ounces at a meal, which is about the size of a deck of cards or computer mouse. Try casseroles, and stir- fry dishes, which have less meat and more vegetables, grains, and dry beans. Fresh fruits require little or no preparation. Use fruits canned in their own juice or packed in water. Dried fruits are a good choice to carry with you or to have ready in the car. For example, choose whole wheat bread or whole grain cereals. Or, buy lactose- free milk, which has the lactase enzyme already added to it. A potassium- rich diet may help to reduce elevated or high blood pressure, but be sure to get your potassium from food sources, not from supplements. Many fruits and vegetables, some milk products, and fish are rich sources of potassium. Most sodium is added during processing. The table below gives examples of sodium in various foods. Look for the sodium content in milligrams and the Percent Daily Value. Aim for foods that are less than 5 per cent of the Daily Value of sodium. Foods with 1. 5 per cent or more Daily Value of sodium are considered high. You can also check out the amounts of the other DASH goal nutrients. Learn more about the Nutrition Facts label and label language here. The regular canned tomatoes (left) have 1. Dalai Lama - Wikipedia. For the Dalai Lama as an institution or lineage, see Dalai Lama. The 1. 4th Dalai Lama ( (US), ; (UK) (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, born Lhamo Thondup. From the time of the 5th Dalai Lama to 1. Tibet, the Ganden Phodrang, invested the position of Dalai Lama with temporal duties. The 1. 4th Dalai Lama received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1. He has traveled the world and has spoken about the welfare of Tibetans, environment, economics, women's rights, non- violence, interfaith dialogue, physics, astronomy, Buddhism and science, cognitive neuroscience, reproductive health, and sexuality, along with various Mahayana and Vajrayana topics. China And Europe To Build A Base On The Moon And Launch Other Projects Into Space. AmerTh y1933 v21 i1 January p1 - photo - Sidney A Cook -- anon AmerTh y1933 v21 i1 January p1 - What The Master Taught Me -- C Jinarajadasa AmerTh y1933 v21 i1. Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and Philly.com. To give you a boost for the start of 2013, we've updated our top 100 free motivational audio & video learning resources that we have featured on our site. Early life and background. The eldest was his sister Tsering Dolma, eighteen years his senior. His eldest brother, Thupten Jigme Norbu, had been recognised at the age of eight as the reincarnation of the high Lama. Taktser Rinpoche. His sister, Jetsun Pema, spent most of her adult life on the Tibetan Children's Villages project. The Dalai Lama has said that his first language was . Amongst other omens, the head of the embalmed body of the thirteenth Dalai Lama, at first facing south- east, had mysteriously turned to face the north- east, indicating, it was interpreted, the direction in which his successor would be found. The Regent, Reting Rinpoche, shortly afterwards had a vision at the sacred lake of Lhamo La- tso indicating Amdo as the region to search. This vision also indicated a large monastery with a gilded roof and turquoise tiles, and a twisting path from it to a hill to the east, opposite which stood a small house with distinctive eaves.
This team, led by Kewtsang Rinpoche, went first to meet the Panchen Lama, who had been stuck in Jyekundo, in northern Kham. Within a year the Panchen Lama had died. Two of his three candidates were eliminated and the third, a 'fearless' child, the most promising, was from Taktser village, which, as in the vision, was on a hill, at the end of a trail leading to Taktser from the great Kumbum Monastery with its gilded, turquoise roof. There they found a house, as described in the vision, the house where Lhamo Dhondup lived. He held an old rosary that had belonged to the 1. Dalai Lama and the boy Lhamo Dhondup, aged two, approached and asked for it. The monk said . The next time the party returned to the house, they revealed their real purpose and asked permission to subject the boy to certain tests. One test consisted of showing him various pairs of objects, one of which had belonged to the 1. Dalai Lama and one which had not. In every case, he unhesitatingly chose the Dalai Lama's own objects and rejected the others.! They knew that if he was declared to be the Dalai Lama, the Chinese government would insist on sending a large army escort with him, which would then stay in Lhasa and refuse to budge. They paid Ma Bufang on behalf of the Tibetan government against promissory notes to be redeemed, with interest, in Lhasa. Furthermore, the Indian government helped the Tibetans raise the ransom funds by affording them import concessions. As soon as they were out of Ma Bufang’s area, he was officially declared to be the 1. Dalai Lama by the Central Government and after ten weeks of travel he arrived in Lhasa to great acclaim on 8 October 1. Tibetan Buddhists normally refer to him as Yishin Norbu (Wish- Fulfilling Gem), Kyabgon (Saviour), or just Kundun (Presence). His devotees, as well as much of the Western world, often call him His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the style employed on the Dalai Lama's website. According to the Dalai Lama, he had a succession of tutors in Tibet including Reting Rinpoche, Tathag Rinpoche, Ling Rinpoche and lastly Trijang Rinpoche, who became junior tutor when he was nineteen. The two remained friends until Harrer's death in 2. He passed with honours and was awarded the Lharampa degree, the highest- level geshe degree, roughly equivalent to a doctorate in Buddhist philosophy. Phx-ult the. Buddhist cuisine is an East Asian cuisine which is followed by monks and many believers from areas historically influenced by Chinese Buddhism. It is vegetarian or. Restoring Freedom for Tibetans. New Delhi: The Tibetan spiritual leader His Holiness the Dalai Lama inaugurated a book titled Two Saints, speculation around and. The Global 200: A Representation Approach to Conserving the Earth’s Distinctive Ecoregions David M. Olson, Eric Dinerstein, Robin Abell, Tom Allnutt, Christopher. This began with the 5th Dalai Lama’s rule in 1. Tibetan government or Ganden Phodrang. Until 1. 91. 2 however, when the 1. Dalai Lama declared the complete independence of Tibet, their rule was generally subject to patronage and protection of firstly Mongol kings (1. Manchu- led Qing dynasty (1. The Dalai Lama's childhood was then spent between the Potala Palace and Norbulingka, his summer residence, both of which are now UNESCOWorld Heritage Sites. China asserts that the Kuomintang government ratified the 1. Dalai Lama and that a Kuomintang representative, General Wu Zhongxin, presided over the ceremony. It cites a ratification order dated February 1. He was informed that the Tibetan Government had decided to expel all Chinese connected with the Nationalist Government. Fearing that the Chinese might organize protests in the streets of Lhasa, the Kashag imposed a curfew until all the Chinese had left. This they did on 1. July 1. 94. 9. At the same time the Tibetan Government sent a telegram to General Chiang Kai- shek and to President Li Zongren informing them of the decision. He criticised the Chinese account as follows: The report was issued in the Chinese Press that Mr Wu had escorted the Dalai Lama to his throne and announced his installation, that the Dalai Lama had returned thanks, and prostrated himself in token of his gratitude. Every one of these Chinese claims was false. Mr Wu was merely a passive spectator. He did no more than present a ceremonial scarf, as was done by the others, including the British Representative. But the Chinese have the ear of the world, and can later refer to their press records and present an account of historical events that is wholly untrue. Tibet has no newspapers, either in English or Tibetan, and has therefore no means of exposing these falsehoods. Ma Bufang attacked the Tibetan Buddhist Tsang monastery in 1. On 1. 7 November 1. Dalai Lama was enthroned formally as the temporal ruler of Tibet. Cooperation and conflicts with the People's Republic of China. Dalai Lama's formal rule was brief. He sent a delegation to Beijing, which ratified the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet. Nehru discouraged this as a provocation against peace, and reminded him of the Indian Government's non- interventionist stance agreed upon with its 1. China. The empty vestment placed on the throne symbolises his absence. At the outset of the 1. Tibetan uprising, fearing for his life, the Dalai Lama and his retinue fled Tibet with the help of the CIA's Special Activities Division. After the founding of the government in exile he re- established the approximately 8. Tibetan refugees who followed him into exile in agricultural settlements. The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts was established. He supported the refounding of 2. Tibetan Buddhist teachings and the Tibetan way of life. The Dalai Lama appealed to the United Nations on the rights of Tibetans. This appeal resulted in three resolutions adopted by the General Assembly in 1. In 1. 97. 0, he opened the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamshala which houses over 8. Tibetan history, politics and culture. It is considered one of the most important institutions for Tibetology in the world. The plan called for Tibet to become a democratic . There, he proposed the creation of a self- governing Tibet . About 1. 0,0. 00 Tibetan refugees, monks and foreign tourists gathered outside his home. Patriarch Alexius II of the Russian Orthodox Church alleged positive relations with Buddhists. However, later that year, the Russian state prevented the Dalai Lama from fulfilling an invitation to the traditionally Buddhist republic of Kalmykia. He responded that he had . Giving public talks for non- Buddhist audiences and interviews and teaching Buddhism to large public audiences all over the world, as well as to private groups at his residence in India, appears to be the Dalai Lama's main activity. Scores of his past teaching videos can be viewed there, as well as public talks, conferences, interviews, dialogues and panel discussions. He met Pope John Paul II in 1. In 1. 99. 0, he met a delegation of Jewish teachers in Dharamshala for an extensive interfaith dialogue. In 2. 00. 6, he met Pope Benedict XVI privately. He has met the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Robert Runcie, and other leaders of the Anglican Church in London, Gordon B. Hinckley, who at the time was the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints (Mormons), as well as senior Eastern Orthodox Church, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, and Sikh officials. The Dalai Lama is also currently a member of the Board of World Religious Leaders as part of The Elijah Interfaith Institute. This conference explored . The project is based on the book Common Ground between Islam and Buddhism. Adam Engle. In 2. Chinese scientist, a Tibetan 'living Buddha' and a Professor of Religion took place in Beijing. He explained that, from the perspective of the Buddhist precepts, abortion is an act of killing. He says he considers India the master and Tibet its disciple, as great scholars went from India to Tibet to teach Buddhism. He has noted that millions of people lost their lives in violence and the economies of many countries were ruined due to conflicts in the 2. If from one corner of your mind, some emotion makes you want to hit, or want to kill, then please remember Buddha's faith. We are followers of Buddha. The use of violence is outdated, and never solves problems. We have to change the way people think about animals. I encourage the Tibetan people and all people to move toward a vegetarian diet that doesn’t cause suffering. The Dalai Lama advocates compassion for animals and frequently urges people to try vegetarianism or at least reduce their consumption of meat. In Tibet, where historically meat was the most common food, most monks historically have been omnivores, including the Dalai Lamas. GLLAMM Publications. Papers 2. 01. 4 . Papers using gllamm(over 1,0. Adamson, D., Dyke, G., Jang, H. Residential segregation, health, and health care: Answering the Latino question. I find myself getting asked this question, or some variant of this question, with increasing frequency as I speak and write about the Alternative Hypothesis I find.
Predictors of school reintegration of black women who previously dropped out. North West province of South Africa. African Population Studies. Effect of organisational change type and frequency on long- term sickness absence in hospitals. An IRT- MIMIC model for the analysis of university student careers. Www.gllamm.org: Some publications using gllamm Papers 2014 Origins: Series Overview. Journey back to the beginning of everything: the universe, Earth and life itself. Airing February 28, 2004 at 9 pm on PBS. C., Silver, R. A prospective cohort study of neck and shoulder pain in professional drivers. Ergonomics, in press. P., Morgan, D. J., Schweizer, M. L., Uslan, D. Z., Kelesidis, T.. Weisenberg, S. A., Johannsson, B., Young, H., Cantey, J., Srinivasan, A., Perencevich, E., Septimus, E., Laxminarayan, R. S., Benjamin, M., Sanudo, A. Medicare spending, managed care and pre- Medicare insurance. Medicare coverage. Journal of Hospital Administration. Blaming the government for environmental problems. A multilevel and cross- national analysis of the relationship between trust in government and local and global environmental concerns. Behavioral Ecology, aru. Compton, M. T., Kelley, M. Subtyping first- episode non- affective. B., Blanchin, M., Le Neel, T., Kubis, G., & S. A multilevel analysis of late entry in Nigeria. What do healthcare workers know about sudden infant death syndrome? W., Rothbaum, B. O., Binder, E. B., Duncan, E., Harvey, P. D., Jovanovic, T., Kelley, M. E.. Kinkead, B., Kutner, M., Iosifescu, D. V., Mathew, S. J., Neylan, T. C., Kilts, C. D.. Nemeroff, C. Meaningful use IT reduces hospital- caused. Healthcare, in press. Erisen, C. Attitudinal ambivalence towards Turkey's EU membership. L., Corr, M. L., Gadd, D. Evaluating the effectiveness of. Are certain children more or less receptive to the messages conveyed? L., Maples, C. J., Johnson, S. G., Dick, A. W., Glantz, J. C., Wissler, R. N., Qian, F., Marroquin, B. M., Mukamel, D. A., Utens, C. A., Smeenk, F. M., Donkers, B., van Schayck, O. A latent class analysis of a discrete choice experiment on hospital- at- home. D., Canales- Espinosa, D. A., Schumm, P., Kern, D. W., Mc. Clintock, M. K., Waite, L. J., Shega, J. W., Huisingh- Scheetz, M. Discipline and participation the long- term effects of suspension and school security on the political and civic engagement of youth. A., Naidu, A., Moodie, E. E., Clark, R. E., Malla, A. K., Tamblyn, R. P., Tung, G., Castrucci, B. Health. Spending and Political Influence: The Case of Earmarks and Health Care Facilities. Demand and supply factors affecting the rising overmedicalization of birth in India. A., Sanders, E. J., Kim, B., Apter, A. J., Gupta, J., Hoffstad, O., Papadopoulos, M. Cohort Variations in the Membership of Voluntary Associations in Great Britain, 1. Sociology. 48 (1), 1. Strategies of Technology accumulation by Indian pharmaceutical firms: A multinomial logit analysis. Corruption and EU institutions: The Italians' opinion. J., Allison, J. J., Cobaugh, D. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. K., Van Mechelen, W. Family, child and location. Australia. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. Impact of prenatal care utilization on infant. European Journal of Pediatrics. H., Hoang, V. Are empowered women more likely to deliver in facilities? International Journal of Maternal and Child Health. Item Response Models to Measure Corporate Social Responsibility. B., Rampalli, K. A., Cardona, K. M., Pinder, E. Combining work and informal care. The importance of caring organisations. Human Resource Management Journal, in press. Influence of perceived. The role of rural producer organizations for agricultural service provision in fragile states. D., Timperio, A., Cerin, E. L., Anisef, P., Brown, R. The intersectionality of postsecondary pathways. The case of high school students with special education needs. Canadian Review of Sociology. D., Niclis, C., Tumas, N., del Pilar D. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. J., Alcantar, O., Zakrzewski, J., Shimamura, A. P., Neuhaus, J. Neighbourhood economic deprivation explains racial/ethnic disparities. USA. M., Khan, D. Hot spots in mortality from drug. United States, 2. Health & Place. C., Wang, K., Lyttle, C. S., Cook, E. H., Altman, R. Somatic involvement assessed through. Religiously traditional, unusually supportive? Examining who gives, helps, and advises in Americans' close networks. C., Matt, G. E., Wrocklage, K. M., Crnich, C., Jordan, J., Southwick, S. M., Krystal, J. M., Matijasevich, A., Scazufca, M. Biometrika. 10. 1, 1. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C6. C., Salmon, J., Ball, K., Crawford, D., & Mc. Naughton, S. Maturitas, 7. Gender diversity strategy in academic departments. Exploring organizational determinants. Higher Education, in press. K., Reboussin, B. A., Sutfin, E. L., Wagoner, K. G., Spangler, J. E., Reboussin, B. A., Mann, L., Ma, A., Song, E., Alonzo, J., & Rhodes, S. Effect of technological innovation. Brazilian workers. Economi. A, in press. Marriage, widowhood, divorce and HIV risks among women in sub- Saharan Africa. Household living arrangements and transition to sexual debut among young people in Ghana. On the positive correlation between education and fertility intentions in Europe. Individual- and country- level evidence. Advances in Life Course Research. S., Wysocki, A., Intrator, O. Finding Gertrude. The resident's voice in Minimum Data Set 3. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. A., Waldner, C., Jolly, A., Liao, M. J., Wiles, N. Measuring household wealth with latent trait modelling: an application to Malawian DHS data. S., Woodard, L. D., Akeroyd, J. M., Ramsey, D. J., Ballantyne, C. Implications of the 2. American College of. Cardiology/American Heart Association Cholesterol Management Guidelines. S., Woodard, L. D., Ramsey, D. J., Urech, T. H., Akeroyd, J. M., Shah, T.. Deswal, A., Bozkurt, B., Ballantyne, C. H., Zhai, F. Y., Wang, H. J., Zhang, J. W., Su, C., Zhang, J., Jiang, H. Information and uncertainty in policy implementation: Evidence from the implementation of EPA waivers. J., Richmond, T. S., Poster, J., Guo, W., Allison, P. Security Journal. Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of biased beliefs and distributional. Games. 4 (1), 6. 6- 8. Linking network, human capital and the extended competence network to business start- up. A multilevel approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing. Basic Science Liver. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Benefit of growth hormone replacement in adults older than 6. F., Rahim, A. What determines individuals' preferences for efficiency over equity- based wages? H., Ciaffi, L.. Communier, A., Phimphachanh, C., Ecochard, R. M., Simpson, A., Semic- Jusufagic, A., Murray, C. S., Buchan, I., Pickles, A. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Prioritizing and monitoring. Production and Operations Management. A., Kamphuis, C. M., Mackenbach, J. P., Burdorf, A. Health Education Research. L.. Siregar, E. S., Azhar, M., Hidayat, M. M., Dunkle, S. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, in press. Intergenerational transfers to adult children in Europe: Do social policies matter? A., Kennedy, D. P., Tucker, J. S., Golinelli, D. Monogamy on the street: A. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, in press. A., Zheng, H. S., Kralewski, J. A., Curriero, F. C., Cosgrove, S. E., Nachman, K. JAMA Internal Medicine. Additive multilevel item structure models with random residuals: Item modeling for. Psychometrika, in press. Psychometrika. 78 (4), 6. Avoiding zero between- study. Statistics in Medicine. T., Felli, V. E., Harari, R., Barrero, L. M., Serra, C., Benavides, F. Reliability of direct and indirect clinical attachment level measurements. K., Liu, V., Pines, J. M., Kipnis, P., Gardner, M. C., Xavier, C. C., Proietti, F. M., Suchdev, P. S., Vist, G. E., Walleser, S. Evidence- Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Social norms, information, and trust among strangers: Theory and evidence. Enhancing scientific reasoning and discussion with conversational agents. Characterising vulnerability to poverty. Haiti: A multilevel decomposition approach. Strategic race blindness: not so black and white? A mixed- methods study of teacher preparation and qualification. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Child marriage prevention in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Association. Social Science & Medicine. No strength in numbers: The failure of big- city bills in american state legislatures, 1. P., Harrington, J. M., Kirby, A., Mc. Kenzie, K., Greiner, B. G., Johnson, C. Campaign foci in European parliamentary elections: Determinants and consequences. Sociodemographic and social contextual predictors of multiple. Healthy Directions- Small Business study. J., Mambula, C., Adamu, H. H., Elder, G. Political quid pro quo agreements: An experimental study. M., Kertzer, J. D., Mac. Donald, R. Hospital variation in patient- . EQ- 5d dimensions evidence from England. Medical Decision Making. An analysis of 1. Soviet nations. P., Hargreaves, T., Jonathan, H. The Monte Carlo simulation study to. Model Assisted Statistics and Applications. J.. Cebrian, H. F., Commander, S., Isachenkova, N.. Rodionova, Y, (2. TI Informal employment dynamics in Ukraine: An analytical model of. International Labour Review. Janeiro, P., Proen. Open innovation: Factors explaining universities as service. Journal of Business Research. I., Calkins, M. E., Bilker, W. B., Frishberg, N., Borgmann- Winter, K., Kohler, C. G., Conroy, C. G., Gur, R. Patient dose and image quality in low- dose abdominal CT. Acta Radiologica. E., Kroppmann, C. J., Alschuler, D. M., Ben- David, S., Fekri, S., Bruder, G. Turkish foreign policy and public opinion. AKP era. Foreign Policy Analysis. The role of supranational identity in promoting democratic values. N., Albrecht, S. Cohort effects, spousal incomes and female labour force participation in Japan: A panel data analysis. What physical activity contexts do adults with psychological distress prefer? G., Pogrebna, G. Social Politics. A., Linterman, M. A., Pocock, J. M., Williams, N. J.. Roberts, R., Viatte, S., Fu, B., Peshu, N., Hien, T. T., Phu, N. H., Wesley, E., Edwards, C., Ahmad, T.. Diet Et Bio Lons le Saunier (adresse, horaires)Sur l'. Mda Lons Le SaunierMagasin Bio DIET ET BIO - LONS LE SAUNIER. Lons Le Saunier MapProduits diététiques, naturels à Lons le saunier (39000. Diet Et Bio Lons le Saunier Produits diététiques, naturels : adresse, photos. Autres professionnels près de Lons le saunier Lons le saunier.
Atkins Diet Plan, Menu And Recipes. Atkins' Diet is system that enables our body to lose weight in a natural way by. Carbohydrate, in the form of glucose, is the. HCG Diet Plan Help So You Can Do The HCG Diet Successfully. Want to change your body in 12 weeks? This BodyBlitz diet and meal planner will help you stay on track. Dr Atkins suggests that when we. This process is known as lipolysis. What is the 3 day diet plan? Get a detailed overview of the 3 day diet plan that features a summary, tips, a menu of predetermined foods, FAQs, and more. A Greek Mediterranean diet plan (or a Cretan Diet) is a heart healthy plan based on foods traditionally eaten in Greece, Crete and Southern Italy. Comparison between the 7 Day All You Can Eat Diet and GM Diet Plan on which food regime is better and most effective. Learn how the Atkins diet works, includes sample Dr Atkins' diet menu, phase, menu low carb food list and Atkins recipes. The. secondary result of this process is ketosis. When fat is burned for fuel, ketones are released. This is how we lose weight through Atkins Diet Plan. Dr Atkins also says. Once we enter ketosis, our body begins efficiently using the fat. Atkins Diet Plan. Atkins' Diet plan is based around four important phases. Each individual phase allows you. Food selections will differ to. In phase one (Induction Phase). Most carbohydrate. In the second phase. Ongoing Weight Loss) you. Then subtract 5 grams of carbohydrate from your. Atkins Diet Phase three's. Pre- Maintenance) objective is to make the transition from weight loss to weight. And the final phase. Lifetime Maintenance) is the foundation for a lifetime of better health. In. this phase you can select from a wide variety of foods while controlling. History. Since its first debut in 1. Dr Atkins' Diet Plan. According to. Dr Atkins the diet is also good for managing many health disorders. Although the main. Atkins Diet is because it provides fast weight loss. The latest Atkins Diet concept . But the diet's original ideal that carbohydrates are the one that. Dr Atkins' philosophy was that up to two thirds of calories. The diet specifically recommends animal proteins. GM Diet Reviews - Does the General Motors Diet Plan Work? Hill's Pet Nutrition. Food sensitivities, or a reaction to something your dog has eaten (also known as Adverse Food Reaction or AFR) 2. Stress, which can be chronic or flare up when lifestyle changes occur (hectic holidays, moving house, etc.)3. Inflammation and irritation of the stomach (gastritis)4. Inflammation of small or large intestine (enteritis, colitis)5. Excessive growh of bacteria in the intestines. Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) or insufficient digestive enzymes.
Hill's Science Plan Wet Cat Food in tins and pouches scientifically formulated cat foods, browse the range to find the best option for your cat. Science Diet Adult Advanced Fitness Chicken and Barley was selected to represent the other products in the line for this review. The first ingredient in this dog food. Assessment of dietary intake. For NHANES I, an interview was conducted by trained staff at study entry. A 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was completed. Diabetes mellitus involves absence of insulin secretion (type 1) or peripheral insulin resistance (type 2), causing hyperglycemia. Early symptoms are related to.
Essential Fatty Acids . Long- chain omega- 3 PUFA in particular exert anti- inflammatory effects and it is recommended to increase their presence in the diet. Genetic polymorphisms in fatty acid synthesizing enzymes can have a significant impact on fatty acid levels in the body. Feeding infants formula enriched with DHA and AA appears to have no significant effect on cognitive development and a very modest effect on visual acuity. Thus, the American Heart Association recommends that all adults eat fish, particularly oily fish, at least twice weekly. In all omega- 6 fatty acids, the first double bond is located between the sixth and seventh carbon atom from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n- 6). Similarly, in all omega- 3 fatty acids, the first double bond is located between the third and fourth carbon atom counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n- 3). Scientific abbreviations for fatty acids tell the reader something about their chemical structure. One scientific abbreviation for . The first part (1. ALA is an 1. 8- carbon fatty acid with three double bonds, while the second part (n- 3) tells the reader that the first double bond is in the n- 3 position, which defines it as an omega- 3 fatty acid (Figures 1a and 1b). Double bonds introduce kinks in the hydrocarbon chain that influence the structure and physical properties of the fatty acid molecule (Figure 1c). Although humans and other mammals can synthesizesaturated fatty acids and some monounsaturated fatty acids from carbon groups in carbohydrates and proteins, they lack the enzymes necessary to insert a cis double bond at the n- 6 or the n- 3 position of a fatty acid (1). Consequently, omega- 6 and omega- 3 fatty acids are essential nutrients. The parent fatty acid of the omega- 6 series is linoleic acid (LA; 1. ALA (Table 1 and Figure 2). Humans can synthesize long- chain (2. Names and Abbreviations of the Omega- 6 and Omega- 3 Fatty Acids. Omega- 6 Fatty Acids. Omega- 3 Fatty Acids. Linoleic acid. LA1. Bile salts must also be present in the small intestine to allow for the incorporation of fatty acids and other fat digestion products into mixed micelles. Fat absorption from mixed micelles occurs throughout the small intestine and is 8. Blood concentrations of fatty acids reflect both dietary intake and biological processes (3). Humans can synthesize longer omega- 6 and omega- 3 fatty acids from the essential fatty acids LA and ALA, respectively, through a series of desaturation (addition of a double bond) and elongation (addition of two carbon atoms) reactions (Figure 3) (4, 5). LA and ALA compete for the same elongase and desaturase enzymes in the synthesis of longer polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as AA and EPA. The capacity to generate DHA from ALA is higher in women than men. Studies of ALA metabolism in healthy young men indicate that approximately 8% of dietary ALA is converted to EPA and 0- 4% is converted to DHA (6). In healthy young women, approximately 2. ALA is converted to EPA and 9% is converted to DHA (7). The better conversion efficiency of young women compared to men appears to be related to the effects of estrogen(8, 9). Although ALA is considered the essential omega- 3 fatty acid because it cannot be synthesized by humans, evidence that human conversion of EPA and, particularly, DHA is relatively inefficient suggests that EPA and DHA may be considered conditionally essential nutrients. In addition to gender differences, genetic variability in enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism influences one's ability to generate long- chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC- PUFA). Two key enzymes in fatty acid metabolism are delta- 6 desaturase (FADS2) and delta- 5 desaturase (FADS1) (see Figure 3 above) (1. Two common haplotypes (a cluster of polymorphisms) in the FADS genes differ dramatically in their ability to generate LC- PUFA: haplotype D is associated with increased FADS activity (both FADS1 and FADS2) and is more efficient in converting fatty acid precursors (LA and ALA) to LC- PUFA (EPA, GLA, DHA, and AA) (1. These FADS polymorphisms are relatively common in the population and may explain up to 3. Finally, DHA is retroconverted to EPA at a low basal rate and following supplementation (see Figure 3 above) (1. After supplementing omnivores (n=8) and vegetarians (n=1. EPA- free preparation of DHA (1. EPA and DHA levels increased in serum and platelet phospholipids (1. Based on the measured changes, the estimated percent retroconversion of DHA to EPA was 7. Due to this nontrivial retroconversion efficiency, DHA supplementation represents an alternative to fish oil to increase blood and tissue levels of EPA, DPA, and DHA (5) (see Supplements). Biological Activities. Membrane structure and function. Omega- 6 and omega- 3 PUFA are important structural components of cell membranes. When incorporated into phospholipids, they affect cell membrane properties, such as fluidity, flexibility, permeability, and the activity of membrane- bound enzymes(1. In addition to endogenousmetabolism, dietary consumption of fatty acids can modify the composition and molecular structure of cellular membranes. Thus, increasing omega- 3 fatty acid intake increases the omega- 3 content of red blood cells, immune cells (1. DHA is selectively incorporated into retinal cell membranes and postsynaptic neuronal cell membranes, suggesting it plays important roles in vision and nervous system function. Vision. DHA is found at very high concentrations in the cell membranes of the retina; the retina conserves and recycles DHA even when omega- 3 fatty acid intake is low (1. Animal studies indicate that DHA is required for the normal development and function of the retina. Moreover, these studies suggest that there is a critical period during retinal development when inadequate DHA will result in permanent abnormalities in retinal function. Research indicates that DHA plays an important role in the regeneration of the visual pigment rhodopsin, which plays a critical role in the visual transduction system that converts light hitting the retina to visual images in the brain (1. Nervous system. The phospholipids of the brain’s gray matter contain high proportions of DHA and AA, suggesting they are important to central nervous system function (2. Brain DHA content may be particularly important, since animal studies have shown that depletion of DHA in the brain can result in learning deficits. It is not clear how DHA affects brain function, but changes in DHA content of neuronal cell membranes could alter the function of ion channels or membrane- associated receptors, as well as the availability of neurotransmitters(2. Synthesis of lipid mediators. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are potent chemical messengers that play critical roles in immune and inflammatory responses. The term 'eicosanoid' encompasses numerous bioactive lipid mediators that are derived from 2. LC- PUFA. Following stimulation by hormones, cytokines, and other stimuli, DGLA, AA, and EPA are released from cell membranes and become substrates for eicosanoid production (Figure 4). Eicosanoid synthesis relies primarily on three families of enzymes: cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome p. P4. 50s) (2. 2). From 2. COX enzymes produce prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and thromboxanes (collectively known as prostanoids); LOX produces leukotrienes and hydroxy fatty acids; and P4. In general, eicosanoids derived from EPA are less potent inducers of inflammation, blood vessel constriction, and coagulation than eicosanoids derived from AA (2. Nonetheless, it is an oversimplification to label all AA- derived eicosanoids as pro- inflammatory. AA- derived prostaglandins induce inflammation but also inhibit pro- inflammatory leukotrienes and cytokines and induce anti- inflammatory lipoxins, thereby modulating the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response via negative feedback (see Figure 5 above) (1. Pro- resolving mediators. A separate class of PUFA- derived bioactive lipids, specialized pro- resolving mediators (SPMs), has been recently identified (reviewed in 2. These molecules function as local mediators of the resolution phase of inflammation, actively turning off the inflammatory response. SPMs are derived from both omega- 6 and omega- 3 PUFA (see Figure 5 above) (2. The S- series of SPMs results from the LOX- mediated oxygenation of EPA and DHA, giving rise to S- resolvins, S- protectins, and S- maresins. A second class of SPMs, the R- series, is generated from the aspirin- dependent acetylation of COX- 2 and subsequent generation of aspirin- triggered SPMs from AA, EPA, and DHA. It appears that these mediators may explain many of the anti- inflammatory actions of omega- 3 fatty acids that have been described (1. Isoprostanes. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin- like compounds that are formed by non- enzymatic, free radical- induced oxidation of any PUFA with three or more double bonds (see Figure 5 above) (2. Because they are produced upon exposure to free radicals, isoprostanes are often used as markers for oxidative stress. In contrast to prostanoids, isoprostanes are synthesized from esterified PUFA precursors and remain bound to the membrane phospholipid until cleaved by PLA2 and released into circulation. In addition to being used as markers of oxidative stress, isoprostanes may also function as inflammatory mediators, exerting both pro- and anti- inflammatory effects (2. Regulation of gene expression. The results of cell culture and animal studies indicate that omega- 6 and omega- 3 fatty acids can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation(2. Omega- 6 and omega- 3 fatty acids regulate gene expression by interacting with specific transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator- activated receptors (PPARs) (2. In many cases, PUFA act like hydrophobichormones (e. PPARs. These ligand- activated receptors then bind to the promoters of genes and function to increase/decrease transcription. Calorie Diet Plans Sample 1. Sea salt and pepper, to taste. Whisk together 1 teaspoon olive oil, lime juice, lime zest, soy sauce, garlic, ginger, and honey. Abilify Side Effects - Gambing and Childhood Diabetes Risk. Side Effects of Abilify: Childhood Diabetes and Compulsive Gambling in Adults. Abilify (aripiprazole) is one of the best selling drugs in the world, with 2. Abilify Side Effects in Detail. Generic Name: aripiprazole. Note: This page contains information about the side effects of aripiprazole. Some of the dosage forms included on this document may not apply to the brand name Abilify. In Summary. More frequent side effects include: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, sedation, urinary incontinence, and salivation. In the event that any of these side effects do occur, they may require medical attention. Major Side Effects. You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when taking aripiprazole: More common: Difficulty with speakingdroolingloss of balance controlmuscle trembling, jerking, or stiffnessrestlessnessshuffling walkstiffness of the limbstwisting movements of the bodyuncontrolled movements, especially of the face, neck, and back. Less common: Blurred visiondizzinessheadacheinability to move the eyesincreased blinking or spasms of the eyelidnervousnesspounding in the earsslow or fast heartbeatsticking out the tonguetrouble with breathing or swallowingunusual facial expressions. Rare. Convulsionsfast heartbeathigh feverhigh or low blood pressureincreased sweatinglip smacking or puckeringloss of bladder controlmuscle spasm or jerking of all extremitiespuffing of the cheeksrapid or worm- like movements of the tonguesevere muscle stiffnesssudden loss of consciousnesstirednessuncontrolled chewing movementsuncontrolled movements of the arms and legsunusually pale skin. Incidence not known: Hives or welts, itching, or skin rashitching, puffiness, or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tonguelarge, hive- like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organsredness of the skintightness in the chestunusual tiredness or weakness. If any of the following symptoms of overdose occur while taking aripiprazole, get emergency help immediately: Symptoms of overdose: Bigger, dilated, or enlarged pupils (black part of the eye)diarrheafast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulseincreased sensitivity of the eyes to lightlack or loss of strengthnauseasleepiness or unusual drowsinessvomiting. Minor Side Effects. Some of the side effects that can occur with aripiprazole may not need medical attention. As your body adjusts to the medicine during treatment these side effects may go away. Your health care professional may also be able to tell you about ways to reduce or prevent some of these side effects. If any of the following side effects continue, are bothersome or if you have any questions about them, check with your health care professional: More common: Acid or sour stomachanxietybelchingblurred visiondifficulty having a bowel movement (stool)dry mouthfearfeverheadacheheartburnhyperventilationinability to sit stillindigestionirritabilitylightheadednessneed to keep movingnervousnessrashrunny noseshakingsore throatstomach discomfort, upset, or paintrouble sleepingweight gain. Less common: Accidental injurybloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feetbody aches or paincongestioncoughingdifficulty with movingdryness or soreness of the throathoarsenessincreased appetiteincreased salivationjoint painmuscle aching or crampingmuscle pains or stiffnessrapid weight gainsneezingstuffy noseswollen jointstender, swollen glands in the necktingling of the hands or feettremorunusual weight gain or lossvoice changes. For Healthcare Professionals. Applies to aripiprazole: intramuscular powder for injection extended release, intramuscular solution, intramuscular suspension extended release, oral solution, oral tablet, oral tablet disintegrating. General. The most frequently reported adverse effects in adult clinical trials of the immediate- release products included nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, dizziness, akathisia, anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness. Abilify (aripiprazole). Common Side Effects of Abilify. Tell your doctor if any of the following side effects become severe or don’t go away: Headache; Drowsiness; Dizziness. Abilify (aripiprazole), an atypical antipsychotic drug, is commonly prescribed to treat symptoms of schizophrenia, bipolar, and depression. Cerner Multum, Inc. Cerner Multum, Inc. Abilify Maintena (ARIPiprazole). Aristada (ARIPiprazole). Not all side effects for Abilify may be reported. You should always consult a doctor or healthcare professional for medical advice. Side effects can be reported to the FDA here. More about Abilify (aripiprazole)Consumer resources. Other brands: Aristada, Abilify Discmelt. Professional resources. Other Formulations. Related treatment guides. Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided is accurate, up- to- date and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. In addition, the drug information contained herein may be time sensitive and should not be utilized as a reference resource beyond the date hereof. This material does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients, or recommend therapy. This information is a reference resource designed as supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill , knowledge, and judgement of healthcare practitioners in patient care. The absence of a warning for a given drug or combination thereof in no way should be construed to indicate safety, effectiveness, or appropriateness for any given patient. Drugs. com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of materials provided. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the substances you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. Find patient medical information for Aripiprazole ODT on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. This article provides detailed information on what aripiprazole (Abilify) is used for, the associated side effects and its mode of action. Major Side Effects. You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when taking aripiprazole: More common: Difficulty with speaking. Learn about Abilify (Aripiprazole) may treat schizopherenia, depression, uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and. |
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August 2017
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